Für ökonomische Evaluationen medizinischer Leistungen steht ein etabliertes Methodenspektrum zur Verfügung. Ziel der Arbeit ist, anhand ausgewählter Aspekte herauszuarbeiten, inwieweit diese Methoden für den derzeit viel diskutierten Bereich der Personalisierten Medizin anwendbar sind bzw. welche Besonderheiten dabei auftreten und wie diese adressiert werden können. Für die vorliegende Arbeit wurde eine explorative Literaturrecherche durchgeführt. In Abgrenzung zur herkömmlichen Medizin kann je nach Blickwinkel die Personalisierte Medizin entweder hinsichtlich der physiologischen Unterschiede oder hinsichtlich der individuellen Präferenzen der Beteiligten betrachtet werden. Je nach (...) Betrachtungsweise ergeben sich unterschiedliche methodische Herausforderungen an gesundheitsökonomische Evaluationen. Verbesserte Ausrichtung der Versorgung an physiologischen Unterschieden stellt die Evaluation beispielsweise vor das Problem, dass aufgrund des oftmals kleinen Stichprobenumfangs häufig Evidenz zur Parametrisierung von Entscheidungsmodellen fehlt. Informationswertanalysen können Hinweise über den potenziellen Nutzen weiterer Forschung geben. Das Konzept des „Expected Value of Individualized Care“ bietet einen den Informationswertanalysen sehr ähnlichen Ansatz, um den potenziellen Wert eines Einbezugs individueller Präferenzen in die Versorgung zu quantifizieren. Welfarismus und Extra-Welfarismus bieten unterschiedliche Lösungsansätze, wie Nutzen Biomarker-basierter Information im Sinne von „Empowerment“ in Evaluationen einbezogen werden können. Generell sind die Methoden der gesundheitsökonomischen Evaluation auch auf den Bereich der Personalisierten Medizin anwendbar. Es stellen sich jedoch eine Reihe spezifischer Herausforderungen, zu deren Lösung weiterer Forschungsbedarf besteht. (shrink)

Die Einführung der Fallpauschalen-basierten Finanzierung der Krankenhäuser ist ein erneuter Versuch, die Kosten in diesem Bereich zu reduzieren. Folge dieses Anreizsystems ist u. a. eine deutliche Verkürzung der Verweildauer der Patienten im Krankenhaus. Das wiederum führt zu durchschnittlich kränkeren Patienten und einer deutlichen Arbeitsverdichtung für alle. Vor diesem Hintergrund wird anhand empirischer Daten die Situation der Pflege mit drastischen Einschränkungen beschrieben und es werden Hypothesen zur Begründung aufgestellt. Daran knüpft sich die Frage, welche Art der Versorgung die Patienten mit kürzer (...) werdender Verweildauer und immer häufiger auftretenden chronischen Krankheiten neben der ärztlichen Therapie benötigen. Dies baut auf der Theorie der Aufgaben zur Krankheitsbewältigung auf, die Patienten befähigen sollen, mit Krankheiten in ihrem eigenen Sinne umgehen zu können. Die Kernaufgaben der Pflege werden hier mit dem Ziel der forcierten Förderung der Entlassungsfähigkeit verbunden mit einem Empowerment der Patienten verknüpft. Organisatorisch bietet sich als Lösung der Einsatz von Primary Nurses an. Die derzeitige Situation in der Pflege widerspricht den genannten Sollvorstellungen diametral. Im Sinne einer sicheren und effektiven Versorgung von Patienten im Krankenhaus muss der Pflegedienst inhaltlich völlig anders aufgestellt und mit weiteren Kompetenzen ausgestattet werden. (shrink)

In der Neonatologie—wie auch in anderen Bereichen der Intensivmedizin—müssen Ärzte und Pflegende häufig die ethisch schwierige Entscheidung treffen, ob die Therapie eines schwer kranken Patienten intensiviert oder eingeschränkt werden soll. In der Literatur existieren verschiedene Instrumente zur Entscheidungsfindung, die, angewandt im Rahmen ethischer Konsile, die Nachvollziehbarkeit einer ausgesprochenen Empfehlung gewährleisten sollen. Zwei dieser verfügbaren Modelle („Schema zur ethischen Urteilsbildung nach dem Muster der aristotelischen Ethik“, Honnefelder 1994 und die „Nimwegener Methode für ethische Fallbesprechung“, Gordijn 1998) wurden anhand klinischer Fälle auf (...) ihre Anwendbarkeit in der Neonatologie hin untersucht. Unsere Studie zeigt, dass die Verwendung eines Entscheidungshilfeinstruments zwar grundsätzlich sinnvoll ist, deckt aber gleichzeitig den Konkretisierungsbedarf der oben genannten Modelle beim Einsatz in der Neonatologie auf. Der daraufhin entwickelte „Kölner Arbeitsbogen zur ethischen Entscheidungsfindung in der Neonatologie“ stellt ein auf die speziellen Bedürfnisse der Neonatologie ausgerichtetes Schema dar und könnte damit eine Lücke für den rasant expandierenden Bereich der Früh- und Neugeborenenmedizin schließen. (shrink)

Im Zuge des „empirical turn“ der Medizin- und Bioethik ist von verschiedenen Autoren in den vergangenen Jahren die Idee einer „evidenzbasierten Ethik“ diskutiert worden. Die Analogie zwischen evidenzbasierter Medizin und „evidenzbasierter Ethik“ soll in diesem Beitrag kritisch diskutiert und dabei gezeigt werden, dass der Ausdruck „evidenzbasierte Ethik“ irreführend ist. Zentraler Ausgangspunkt der Kritik ist die unterschiedliche Bedeutung, die empirische Informationen für das medizinisch-klinische Urteil zum einen und das ethische Urteil in der Medizin zum anderen haben. Im medizinisch-klinischen Urteil können mit (...) Hilfe empirischer Informationen hypothetische Handlungsnormen generiert werden, welche auf den der Medizin inhärenten Zwecksetzungen basieren. Bei Fragen der Ethik in der Medizin hingegen sind die Handlungsziele selbst Gegenstand des Urteils; diese aber können allein aus empirischem Wissen heraus nicht zureichend bestimmt werden. Die Diskussion um die Möglichkeit einer „evidenzbasierten Ethik“ eröffnet weiterhin aufschlussreiche Perspektiven in Bezug auf empirische Forschung und den Umgang mit empirischen Informationen in der Angewandten Ethik und das Aufgabenfeld der Medizinethik. (shrink)

Das Paradigma einer „personalisierten Medizin“ in der klinischen Forschung und Praxis wirft verschiedene Fragen nach Notwendigkeit, Erwartung, Chancen und Risiken auf. In einer laufenden empirisch-ethischen Studie untersuchen wir klinische Forscher- und Patientenperspektiven hinsichtlich des zukünftigen Einsatzes „personalisierter Medizin“ beim Rektumkarzinom. Ziel der Studie ist es, mittels Interviews mit Ärzten/Forschern (n = 19) und Patienten (n = 28) und teilnehmender Beobachtung bei Arzt-Patient-Gesprächen (n = 50) ethisch relevante Aspekte der Erforschung und Behandlung im Kontext „personalisierter Medizin“ zu explorieren. Die Analyse von (...) Unterschieden und Gemeinsamkeiten zwischen den Gruppierungen dient der Detektion von Konfliktfeldern in der klinischen Praxis. Es zeigt sich, dass Patienten und Ärzte unterschiedliche Annahmen von „personalisierter Medizin“ haben. Dies könnte zu Konflikten in der klinischen Praxis führen, die so früh wie möglich geklärt werden sollten. (shrink)

Volume 20, Issue 6, June 2020, Page 80-82.

Consideration of ethics has established a firm place in the affairs of psychiatrists. An increased professional commitment to accountability, together with a growing "consumer" movement has paved the way for a creative engagement with the ethical movement. Psychiatric Ethics has carved out a niche for itself as a major comprehensive text and core reference covering the many complex ethical dilemmas which face clinicians and researchers in their everyday practice. This new edition takes a fresh look at recent trends and developments (...) at the interface between ethics and psychiatric practice.For this edition, Sydney Bloch and Paul Chodoff are joined by Stephen Green, a clinical professor in ethics and psychiatry at Georgetown University, in leading 29 of the finest scholars in the field from around the world. Eleven new contributors join the team of authors. They include Drs. Beauchamp, Gutheils, Sabin, McGuffin, Szmulter, Gabbard and Holmes. Since the second edition, the editors have observed several emerging aspects of psychiatric practice requiring coverage. As a result, six new chapters have been added covering the ethical aspects of community psychiatry, managed care, psychiatric genetics, resource allocation, codes of ethics and boundary violations. All others chapters have been fully revised and updated.The book will continue to be essential reading for psychiatrists and other mental health professionals, as well as of interest to ethicists, policy makers, managers and lawyers. (shrink)

In this paper, we provide an overview of research highlighting the relation between cultural processes, social norms, and food choices, discussing the implication of these findings for the promotion of more sustainable lifestyles. Our aim is to outline how environmental psychological research on urban affordances, through the specific concepts of restorative environments and walkability, could complement these findings to better understand human health, wellbeing and quality of life. We highlight how social norms and cultural processes are linked to food choices, (...) and we discuss the possible health-related outcomes of cultural differences in food practices, their relation to acculturation and globalization processes. We also discuss the concepts of restorative environments and walkability as positive urban affordances, and their relation to human well being, and the possibile link with cultural process and sustainable lifestyles. Finally, we outline issues for future research and areas for policy making and interventions on the links between cultural processes, healthy and sustainable food consumption and urban affordances, for the pursuit of public health, wellbeing and environmental sustainability. (shrink)

Augmentative and Alternative Communication Technology [AAC Tech] is a relatively young, multidisciplinary field aimed at developing technologies for people who are unable to use their natural speaking voice due to congenital or acquired disability. In this paper, we take a look at the role of AAC Tech in promoting an ‘empathic turn’ in the perception of non-speaking autistic persons. By the empathic turn we mean the turn towards a recognition of non-speaking autistic people as persons whose ways of engaging the (...) world and expressing themselves are indicative of psychologically rich and intrinsically meaningful experiential lives. We first identify two ways in which AAC Tech contributes positively to this development. We then discuss how AAC Tech can simultaneously undermine genuine empathic communication between autistic persons and typically developed communicators (or neurotypicals). To mitigate this concern, we suggest the AAC field should incorporate philosophical insights from Design for Emotions and enactive embodied cognitive science into its R&D practices. To make our proposal concrete, we home in on stimming as an autistic form of bodily expressivity that can play an important role in empathic communicative exchanges between autistic persons and neurotypicals and that could be facilitated in AAC Tech designed for autistic people. (shrink)

This article describes a process of developing, implementing and evaluating a clinical ethics support service intervention with the goal of building up a context-sensitive structure of minimal clinical-ethics in an oncology department without prior clinical ethics structure. Scholars from different disciplines have called for an improvement in the evaluation of clinical ethics support services for different reasons over several decades. However, while a lot has been said about the concepts and methodological challenges of evaluating CESS up to the present time, (...) relatively few empirical studies have been carried out. The aim of this article is twofold. On the one hand, it describes a process of development, modifying and evaluating a CESS intervention as part of the ETHICO research project, using the approach of qualitative-formative evaluation. On the other hand, it provides a methodological analysis which specifies the contribution of qualitative empirical methods to the evaluation of CESS. We conclude with a consideration of the strengths and limitations of qualitative evaluation research with regards to the evaluation and development of context sensitive CESS. We further discuss our own approach in contrast to rather traditional consult or committee models. (shrink)

A partial ordering P is said to have the weak Freese-Nation property if there is a mapping tf : P → [P]0 such that, for any a, b ε P, if a b then there exists c ε tf∩tf such that a c b. In this note, we study the WFN and some of its generalizations. Some features of the class of Boolean algebras with the WFN seem to be quite sensitive to additional axioms of set theory: e.g. under CH, (...) every ccc complete Boolean algebra has this property while, under b 2, there exists no complete Boolean algebra with the WFN. (shrink)

An innovative approach to improve the fidelity of low-frequency lateral motion cueing within full-flight simulators for non-maneuvering aircraft is presented. On the basis of the perception peculiarities by the human vestibular system of movement along the roll, the problem of low-frequency motion cueing of lateral movement by motion systems of flight simulators was formulated and solved. The critical challenge of simulating the set of angular motion cues that pilots perceive during flights is decided. This research highlights two key outcomes. The (...) fourth-order low-pass filter effectively extracts low-frequency motion cues from aircraft motion kinematic parameters, enhancing simulation accuracy. Secondly, proposed method significantly expands the range of simulated motion cues while ensuring their synchronization with high-frequency motion cues along relevant degrees of freedom. This formulation of the problem increases the range of simulated motion cues to ±0,3nz, which practically corresponds to the range of simulated motion cues of a transport aircraft, and thus increases the quality of motion cueing. The implementation of the developed method on the An-72TK-200 full flight simulator confirmed its effectiveness. In conclusion, this study introduces a promising methodology that enhances the quality of motion cueing, thus rendering flight simulations more realistic and beneficial for both pilots and aerospace engineering researchers in the real of non-maneuvering aircraft flight simulators. (shrink)

Dialogue is one of the fundamental pillars of social life and an essential means of communication. It enables individuals to express their needs, desires, feelings, positions, problems, and methods for managing various aspects of their lives. Furthermore, dialogue fosters the development of ideas and experiences, facilitating expression, creativity, and participation in a civilized society. Through dialogue, communication and interaction with others occur. This study aims to explore effective methods for teaching the Arabic language through dialogue and its application to non-native (...) speakers at the primary level at Mara University of Technology. Specifically, it will investigate whether dialogue aids students in acquiring vocabulary. Vocabulary is a crucial component of language, alongside sounds and structures. Teaching vocabulary is an essential part of foreign language programs, including Arabic. However, despite its significance, the learning and teaching of Arabic vocabulary to non-native learners face several challenges, contributing to their weaknesses in this area. Notes are statistically significant differences between two groups: those "using dialogue" and those "not using it" in learning Arabic vocabulary. (shrink)

Despite the nuclear accident at the Fukushima Daiichi plant in Japan, a growing number of countries are interested in expanding or introducing nuclear energy. However, nuclear energy production and nuclear waste disposal give rise to pressing ethical questions that society needs to face. This book takes up this challenge with essays by an international team of scholars focusing on the key issues of risk, justice, and democracy. The essays consider a range of ethical issues, including radiological protection, the influence of (...) gender in the acceptability of nuclear risk, and environmental, international, and intergenerational justice in the context of nuclear energy. They also address the question of when, and under which conditions, nuclear energy should play a role in the world's future supply of electricity, looking at both developing and industrialized countries. The book will interest readers in ethics and political philosophy, social and political sciences, nuclear engineering, and policy studies. (shrink)

This article presents a series of experiments which were conducted among native speakers of German to determine the influence of different types of German generics on the cognitive inclusion of women. Results indicate that the inclusion of women is higher with ‘non-sexist’ alternatives than with masculine generics, a tendency which was consistent across different studies. The different alternatives, however, showed different effects which also varied depending on the context. These results are discussed with regard to their practical consequences in situations (...) such as nominating women and men for awards or political offices. (shrink)

Etwas in der Welt reißt sich los, springt hervor, kommt entgegen... Die Welt, die da entgegenkommt, ist eine lebendige. Dies gilt nicht nur für die vorgefundene natürliche Welt, sondern auch für die Hervorbringungen des Menschen, die ihm in Form seiner Artefakte - vom Faustkeil bis zur Sprachtheorie - ebenso objekthaft wie zur Gestaltung herausfordernd entgegenkommen. Die Autoren dieses Bandes versuchen in theoretischer wie in konkret anschaulicher Auseinandersetzung den Denkbewegungen zwischen Form und Formprozess, Bild und Bildakt, Repräsentation und Präsenz auf die (...) Spur zu kommen. (shrink)

YVES CHARLES ZARKA ET SABINE CHOQUET. — Est-ce qu’il y a un acte de naissance du souverainisme au Québec ? Et, si tel est le cas, est-il lié à la visite du général de Gaulle au Québec et à la célèbre phrase : « Vive le Québec libre ! » qu’il a prononcée à Montréal le 24 juillet 1967 ?JOSEPH FACAL. — On..

Die Antike - lebendig und vielfältig! In diesem historischen Epochenband werden ausgewählte Quellen der Antike zum Sprechen gebracht. Eingeordnet in ihren historischen und kulturellen Kontext, zeichnen sie ein lebendiges Bild dieser spannenden Epoche, das aktuelle Forschungstendenzen ebenso einbezieht wie interdisziplinäre Fragestellungen: Problemorientierte Einführung in die Kulturwissenschaft der Antike Gezielte Verbindung historischer, philologischer und archäologischer Themen und Perspektiven Entwicklung beispielhafter kulturwissenschaftlicher Fragestellungen an die Antike in enger argumentativer Verbindung von Text und Bild Exemplarische Aspekte der griechischen und römischen Geschichte: von der (...) Welt des homerischen Adels bis zur hellenistischen Polis, von der römischen Republik bis zur Sakralisierung des Kaisertums Pressestimmen: "Neben einer guten Verständlichkeit und Übersichtlichkeit besticht dieses Studienbuch 'Antike' durch die Aktualität der angegebenen Literatur und der diskutierten Forschungsansätze und -ergebnisse. Dabei werden jedoch alte - ob verworfen oder nicht - Ansätze nicht außer Acht gelassen und immer miteinbezogen. Das Studienbuch Antike bietet dem Studenten einen zeitgemäßen Einblick in die Arbeitstechniken und Fragestellungen seines Studiengangs und verbindet ehemals getrennt betrachtete Disziplinen der Altertumswissenschaften in einer integrierten Darstellung." Sabine Mahnel in: literaturmarkt.info, 8. September 2008 "[Das Studienbuch ist] informativ und thematisch vielseitig." Erdmann Steinmetz in: ekz - Informationsdienst, 3/2009 Kommentare zum Buch: "[...] konziser, auf das Wesentliche beschränkter Inhalt, trotzdem sehr problemorientiert, was deutsche Forschung auszeichnet." Prof. Dr. Winfried Schmitz vom Seminar für Alte Geschichte der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn. (shrink)

The aim of this paper is to find how much AI can be useful or as an aid in developing listening skill. A review has been made to past studies as well as the recent developments and innovations made by linguists and teaching community, yielding relevant observations. The present writing is an attempt at exhibiting how much the latest technology is effective which has been tailor-made to suit determined purpose directed at developing the listening skills of EFL learners. It is (...) well established being significant and continues to gain importance in serving needs of education, sparking interest among students and teachers, the latter for innovating delivery of lessons. Teaching EFL college level students uses English as the medium of instruction for language teaching subjects. It is, however, noticed that difficulties crop up at school, where the students use native language for learning syllabi-related subjects, and where it is noticed that there is low comprehension capacity in the learners that needs to be pushed up to learn second language with success. The present research effort has brought to light the difficulties experienced by students in English learning as they struggle to reach a reasonable level of learning with success. This is despite there being other materials to use where old/traditional system is otherwise thought adequate. Modern approaches were brought into use by which AI-powered tools have removed difficulties they used to experience learning the traditional way resorting to written prescribed books; they experienced that books were monotonous and boring. The researchers made quite a few studies in different educational institutions and recognized the ability of AI aided media to make listening skill learning and teaching of English interesting and easy. AI has enabled educators to develop material and make it user-friendly and student-oriented for facilitating language learning easy. Language Listening builds enhanced capacity enabling EFL students to hear sounds of words of English using AI-aided tools. The present paper has discovered the utility of modern virtual tools as significant in facilitating learners’ success in developed listening skill. Tools which are created using AI have proved very help as they extend tremendous help in increasing and developing practical listening skills of not only the teachers but also, and primarily, the EFL students. (shrink)

In this comment we take up two points made by Douglas Hollan in his article “Emerging Issues in the Cross-Cultural Study of Empathy,” and discuss their possible philosophical implications. Hollan‘s concept of complex empathy may give rise to the idea that we can learn about other people’s beliefs via empathy, which is something we do not believe is possible. Furthermore, Hollan’s description of possible negative effects of empathy, such as manipulations of a person on the basis of knowledge about their (...) emotions, might pose a problem for proponents of care ethics, who generally start from the assumption that empathy fosters altruistic behavior. (shrink)

Film production is the process of creating a film, involving stages such as progress, pre-production, invention, post-production, and sharing. It encompasses planning, scripting, shooting, editing, and finalizing the film for public viewing. The process of imagination drives innovation in scripting, directing, and cinematography, resulting in unique, engaging experiences that captivate audiences with their emotive stories. The principle of this investigation is to assess how psychological factors add to enhancing imagination in film production, focusing on their impact on creative processes and (...) outcomes. A study surveyed 680 students from college film program students to analyze their creative personality and imaginative capabilities using structured questionnaires. Key psychological constructs included Creative Self-Efficacy, Emotional Resilience, Cognitive Flexibility, and Intrinsic Motivation. The study investigated the impact of psychological factors on college cinema students' creative imagination in filmmaking, demonstrating high validity and reliability with Factor Loadings exceeding 0.76, Composite Reliability higher than 0.88, and Average Variance Extracted (AVE) range as of 0.59 to 0.67. Discriminant validity was confirmed as every construct AVE was better than its square correlations by other constructs. Psychological factors significantly influence film production imagination, fostering creative thinking and emotional depth. Understanding and harnessing these factors enhances storytelling, character development, and audience engagement, ultimately enriching the cinematic experience. (shrink)

The main purpose of this study is to reveal the degree of availability of quality-of-life domains in third-grade textbooks in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, and monitoring indicators of quality-of-life domains. In order to achieve the purpose of the study, it has been used the descriptive method through content analysis method, and it has been prepared a list of indicators of quality-of-life domains. The study sample consisted of all the textbooks of the third-grade of primary school for the three semesters (...) of the academic year 1444-1445 Hijri, which amounted to (21) textbooks. The study showed the following results: The frequencies of quality-of-life domains in the third-grade textbooks for all domains amounted to (37602) frequencies, and they classified as following: In the first rank: domain of quality of academic life reaching (27,248) frequencies, with a percentage of (72.46%), while the domain of quality of environmental life came in second rank, reaching (4902) frequencies, with a percentage of (13.04%), in the third rank came the domain of quality of family and social relationships, with a frequency of (2008) with percentage of (5.34%), in the fourth rank came the domain of quality of healthy life with (1372) frequencies, and with percentage of (3.65%), in the fifth rank was the domain of quality of spiritual life with (957) frequencies and percentage of (2.55%), in the sixth rank came the domain of quality of independence life that reached to (873) frequencies and percentage of (2,32%), and in the last rank was the domain of quality-of-life psychological that reached to (873242) frequencies and percentage of (0.64%). In conclusion, the study recommended the necessity of incorporation the quality-of-life domains in content of third-grade textbooks in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia which contributes to raising students’ awareness in the quality-of-life domains. (shrink)

The au pair program in general is still known as a form of cultural exchange program and a good possibility for young women to spend a year abroad, although it has undergone great changes during the last 10 years. This article argues that due to different socio-economic and cultural processes in Western postindustrial societies as well as in the eastern and southern parts of the world the au pair program is becoming a form of domestic work with quite similar working (...) and living conditions to that of live-in migrant domestic workers. This article which is based on two empirical studies on the globalizing au pair business in Eastern and Western Europe as well in the United States looks into the motivations and expectations, the living conditions and interactions between the au pairs and the employer families and contrasts these findings with the discourse of the au pair agencies still advertising au pair as a form of cultural exchange. In doing so the paper can show that it is the still dominant image of au-pair as a cultural exchange program (disarticulating the work aspect) that leaves the young au pair women even more vulnerable to exploitation: ‘big sisters’ are the best domestic servants. This article draws attention to the racialized economization of the private sphere and care work, the inherent traps and exploitative features of this very specific work place. (shrink)

The occasion of this talk was a panel discussion ending the conference on “Radical Politics” sponsored by The University of North Dakota’s chapter to Students for a Democratic Society. Many of the members are self-described Marxists and Anarchists. It is they whom I address here.

Die Erkenntnistheorie der Innenwelt ist eine Theorie des Verstehens von erlebten Leben aus der Perspektive der ersten Person. Sie integriert die Erfahrung des Anderen, des Leibes und der Sprache und unternimmt den Versuch, sich selbst zu verstehen, als ein Seins- und Denkabenteuer, das durch phänomenologische, hermeneutische und existenzielle sowie literarisch-narrative Verfahren zu erschließen ist. Paul Ludwig Landsberg, der bedeutendste Schüler Max Schelers, konnte, verfolgt von den Nationalsozialisten, nur Fragmente einer Skizze der Erkenntnistheorie der Innenwelt vorlegen. Hier wird sie zum ersten (...) Mal vollständig rekonstruiert und in systematischer Gestalt, klarer Form und durchsichtiger methodischer Begründung vorgelegt. In ihrem Zentrum steht eine Logik des Aufweises, die eine Philosophie der Wiederholung entfaltet. (shrink)

This study aims to explore the level of using artificial intelligence applications among university students and their impact on the credibility of e-learning. The study used the descriptive method because it is suitable for the study. The study included a sample of 94 Jordanian university students, who were selected by stratified random method. The study used a questionnaire of 40 items as the research instrument to determine the level of the use of artificial intelligence technology and distance education in distorting (...) the contemporary educational landscape. The results showed that universities try to limit the incorrect use of AI applications among students by using specific detection tools. The students showed that their universities have strict rules and regulations regarding the use of AI tools in their studies. Therefore, there were low estimations from the students on the large incorrect usage of AI tools. The results also revealed that gender and the specialization of the student do not affect their views toward the incorrect use of AI tools in their education, whether face-to-face education or online education. (shrink)

This study aimed to use TED Talks, which are abundant with real-life examples of English language use, that might improve the public speaking skills of elementary-level Jordanian EFL students with learning disabilities. The study also aimed at identifying the attitudes of the students with learning disabilities toward using TED Talks to increase motivation to learn English. This research used a quasi-experimental approach. The present study included 68 female EFL tenth graders from the Irbid Schools for Girls, a public institution under (...) the Irbid Directorate of Education. The researcher created an educational program based on the TED talks. The pre-post-test was used to measure the students’ progress and a questionnaire was used to measure their attitudes to this strategy. The program seems to have created good levels of interaction among the students and boosted their appetite to participate and engage with the visual and audio materials presented in the TED Talks videos. The students showed positive attitudes toward using the TED Talks program to raise their motivation to learn English language. (shrink)

This study examines the impact of food culture aspects such as taste, display, and preparation process on visitor satisfaction and motivation during food festivals. Data from 150 participants were analyzed utilizing SPSS 25 for data analysis. The study uses Spearman's Rank Correlation, Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), and Chi-Square testing to investigate how these characteristics influence festival experiences. Significant positive correlations were found using Spearman's Rank Correlation, taste had a strong correlation with visitor satisfaction (ρ = 0.65,p = 0.01) and motivation (...) (ρ = 0.60,p = 0.02), while display also had a moderately positive correlation with both (ρ = 0.55,p = 0.05) satisfaction and motivation (ρ = 0.50,p = 0.04). The association for the preparation process, however, was not statistically significant and was much weaker. It was established that CFA had high dependability with estimates of 0.78 for taste, 0.85 for display, and 0.80 for the preparation procedure, all of which met high CR and AVE values. The relationships between aspects of food culture and visitor outcomes were evaluated using the Chi-Square Test. Taste was found to have significant correlations with motivation (χ² = 10.45, p = 0.05) and satisfaction. While the display was only significantly connected with satisfaction (χ² = 7.89, p = 0.10), the preparation process was strongly associated with satisfaction (χ² = 12.34, p = 0.03). These results emphasize how important taste is to improving visitor experiences and show how particular characteristics of food cultures can affect festivalgoers' motivation and level of satisfaction. The study found that taste has a substantial impact on both satisfaction and motivation, emphasizing its importance for good event planning and increased attendee involvement. (shrink)

This study investigated the role of school administrations in Saudi Arabia in raising awareness of students using social media from the perspectives of teachers at the secondary level. The study followed the descriptive survey, for which a questionnaire of 41 paragraphs was developed and administered to 500 teachers. The findings revealed the degree of responses of male and female secondary school teachers regarding the role of school administrations in Saudi Arabia in confronting the dangers of social media, which had a (...) medium level. The findings demonstrated that the academic qualification variable for this dimension was associated with statistically significant differences, with the disparities favoring holders of bachelor's degrees. Finally, the results showed differences between the participants' opinions on the role of school administrations in Saudi Arabian schools in confronting the risks of social media because of years of experience variable. (shrink)